Industries
The basics at a glance all questions about the DPP
Fashion & Textiles
Is the Digital Product Passport mandatory in the fashion industry?
Yes – according to the EU, the fashion and textile industry is explicitly the first to be affected by the DPP obligation.
In the “Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) Working Plan 2025–2027”, the European Commission names textiles as a priority product group for the introduction of the Digital Product Passport.
The goal is to make the environmental and social impacts of the textile industry measurable – from raw fiber to processing and disposal. The DPP will therefore be mandatory for a wide range of products, including:
Clothing & Shoes
Home textiles (e.g. curtains, bed linen)
Accessories & Bags
Technical textiles (e.g. protective clothing, sports equipment)
According to ESPR, products in these categories will have to provide information on:
Material composition & recyclability
Origin & Place of Production
Repairability, maintenance, service life
Sustainability certificates & CO₂ footprint
This data must be available digitally, standardized and machine-readable – typically via QR code or NFC on the product.
Official source:
What must be included in the Digital Product Passport for textiles?
A Digital Product Passport (DPP) makes visible what was previously hidden: Where does a garment come from? What's inside? How can it be cared for, repaired, or reused? For fashion and textile companies, this means full transparency along the entire value chain – required by law, but also strategically valuable.
Fashion & Textiles
Clothing, shoes, home textiles, technical textiles
Furniture
Upholstered furniture, mattresses, wooden and modular furniture
Electronics & Batteries
Household appliances, IT, consumer electronics, rechargeable & industrial batteries
Cosmetics & Body Care
Products with packaging labeling and ingredient transparency
Packaging
Covered by the PPWR – e.g. for food, cosmetics, non-food
General FAQ on the Digital Product Passport (DPP)
The basics at a glance all questions about the DPP
FAQ – Furniture
Are furniture products affected by the Digital Product Passport?
Yes. The EU considers furniture a priority product group in the European Packaging Regulation (ESPR). The Packaging Regulation (PPWR) further reinforces this relevance. DPP requirements apply to upholstered furniture, mattresses, tables, chairs, cabinets, etc.
What content must a furniture DPP contain?
Wood species, origin & FSC/PEFC certification
Upholstery fabrics, foams, composite materials
Assembly & care instructions
Repairability & replacement options
Packaging & Recycling Information
What opportunities does the DPP offer for furniture brands?
Digital assembly assistance & guarantees via scan
Transparency in materials & sustainability
Take-back and second-life systems can be integrated
Compatible with retail & logistics data
More about the Digital Product Passport in the furniture industry
FAQ – Outdoor & Leisure
Why does the Digital Product Passport also apply to outdoor products?
Outdoor products often consist of textile materials, chemical coatings or electronics – and are therefore subject to several DPP-relevant regulations such as ESPR, REACH and the Battery Regulation (e.g. for GPS or rechargeable batteries).
What must an outdoor DPP contain?
Material information (e.g. membranes, synthetic fibers)
Origin & supply chain
Care, repair & recycling instructions
Functional values (e.g. water column, breathability)
Guarantees, repair services, sustainability seals
How does the DPP support sustainable outdoor brands?
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Offlinefähige DPPs für Einsätze in der Natur
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Integration von Loyalty- & Servicefunktionen (z. B. Registrierung, Umtausch)
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Verbindung mit CO₂- und ESG-Zielen
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Proof-of-Origin für Spezialartikel (z. B. Bio-Wolle, recyceltes Material)
A Digital Product Passport (DPP) is more than just a digital label—it represents a product's complete digital identity and contains all relevant information for consumers, retailers, authorities, and digital systems. The content is defined by the EU within the framework of the ESPR and product-specific regulations (e.g., the Battery Regulation, PPWR, REACH ).
FAQ – Toys (Bonus)
Is the DPP mandatory for toys?
Not yet explicitly stated, but highly relevant due to the Product Safety Regulation, CE marking, and ESPR . The EU is striving for uniform product data for safe toys.
What should a toy DPP contain?
Material types & origin
Security checks & age ratings
EN 71 & CE conformity
Warnings & sustainability information
FAQ – Construction & Plumbing
Is the Digital Product Passport relevant in the construction industry?
Yes. Products such as fittings, pipes, seals, and plumbing systems are subject to the Packaging Regulations (ESPR) and, increasingly, the new Packaging Regulations (PPWR).
What content must the DPP in the construction industry cover?
Material & origin certificate
Installation & maintenance information
Product standards (e.g. EN, DVGW)
Lifespan, repairability, recycling paths
What advantages does the DPP offer in the construction and project business?
Fast tendering capability
Verification in EU construction projects
Interfaces to BIM, ERP & planning databases
Automated return and maintenance systems
FAQ – Food & Packaging
Does the DPP apply to food?
Not directly for food contents—but certainly for packaging, as provided for by the PPWR. Specialty products with proof of origin (e.g., game, fish, wine) are also affected.
What does the DPP mean for food packaging?
Material type (monomaterial, reusable, bioplastic)
Recyclability & Disposal Instructions
Origin & region (e.g. for regional products)
Storage & shelf life instructions
FAQ – Cosmetics
Why is the cosmetics industry affected by the DPP?
Due to the ESPR, the PPWR and the increasing requirements for ingredient transparency and packaging safety – mandatory from 2026.
What must the DPP contain in cosmetics?
INCI information & origin of raw materials
Packaging (monomaterials, refill)
Skin compatibility & effect
Application instructions & product stories
What does the DPP offer for cosmetic brands?
Premium user experience with Content Studio
Brand loyalty via NFC instead of back label
Touchpoints for advice, follow-up purchases, loyalty
FAQ – Electronics
Is electronics affected by the DPP?
Yes – explicitly stated in the ESPR. Products such as household appliances, IT, consumer electronics, and industrial components are subject to new digital passport requirements.
What belongs in the electronics DPP?
Repairability & spare parts availability
Energy efficiency & CO₂ values
Software updates & product security
Recyclability
What does the DPP mean for manufacturers and retailers?
Fast proof of ESG compliance
Update link, warranty extension
Scannable repair information for technicians
Returns & lifecycle management
FAQ – Chemistry
Does the DPP apply to chemical products?
Indirectly: REACH and GHS/CLP require the secure communication of chemical substances. The DPP makes this available digitally.
What does a chemical DPP contain?
Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
GHS markings & hazardous substance classes
Handling, storage, disposal
Origin & material purity
What are the benefits for chemical companies?
Digital safety information instead of paper labels
Offline access in the laboratory or in the field
ERP/CRM link for documentation & audit
FAQ – Aerospace
Why is the DPP important in aviation?
Because traceability, certification, and maintenance are required by law, the DPP becomes a digital bridge between components, maintenance, and regulatory requirements.
What does the DPP document in this industry?
Serial number, test reports, maintenance history
Material certificates & conformity
CAM & MRO connection (e.g. EN 9100, EASA Form 1)
What are the advantages?
Complete lifecycle documentation
Offline use in the hangar possible
Faster auditability & exchange processes
FAQ – Batteries
When will the DPP for batteries become mandatory?
From February 2027, according to the EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542, for industrial batteries. From 2028, also for portable batteries in the consumer sector.
What must the battery DPP contain?
Cell type, capacity, voltage, chemistry
Origin & Recyclability
CO₂ balance & material sources
Service life, cycles & condition data
What does the DPP do in the battery industry?
Complete traceability throughout product life
RFID & QR linking possible
Integration into battery platforms & take-back systems
What is a Digital Product Passport?
A Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a digital file for physical products. It contains information on origin, material, repairability, carbon footprint, recyclability, and much more – and accompanies the product throughout its entire life cycle .
Why is the DPP mandatory?
Because the EU demands sustainable, transparent, and circular products. The DPP will be introduced through the following laws:
ESPR (EU 2024/1781) - Framework Regulation for DPP
PPWR – digital packaging marking
EU Battery Regulation (2023/1542 ) – DPP obligation from 2026
REACH / CLP – chemical transparency
EU Working Plan 2025–2027 – prioritizes sectors such as textiles, furniture, electronics
For which products is the Digital Product Passport (DPP) mandatory?
The Digital Product Passport will be gradually introduced across the EU , starting with sectors that are particularly relevant to environmental or consumer protection. The requirement arises from the ESPR (Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation) and complementary EU regulations such as the Battery Regulation 2023/1542 , the Packaging Regulation (PPWR) , and the Product Safety Strategy .
According to the EU work plan, the following product groups will be affected first by the DPP:
Fashion & Textiles
Clothing, shoes, home textiles, technical textiles
Furniture
Upholstered furniture, mattresses, wooden and modular furniture
Electronics & Batteries
Household appliances, IT, consumer electronics, rechargeable & industrial batteries
Cosmetics & Body Care
Products with packaging labeling and ingredient transparency
Packaging
Covered by the PPWR – e.g. for food, cosmetics, non-food
toy
Particularly relevant in the context of the Product Safety Regulation & CEAP
In the long term, the DPP applies to all physical products that:
cause environmental impacts
are relevant to health or safety
imported into the EU or sold here
The EU Commission aims to achieve comprehensive DPP coverage by 2030 – from T-shirts to turbines.
Source for the DPP roadmap:
What must a Digital Product Passport contain?
A Digital Product Passport (DPP) is more than just a digital label—it represents a product's complete digital identity and contains all relevant information for consumers, retailers, authorities, and digital systems. The content is defined by the EU within the framework of the ESPR and product-specific regulations (e.g., the Battery Regulation, PPWR, REACH ).
Product master data
Product name, article number, brand, size, weight, serial or batch number – essential for identification and traceability.
Materials & Origin
Which raw materials were used? Where do they come from? Which region does the product come from? This information increases transparency and supports traceability – especially for critical or conflict-affected materials.
CO₂ footprint & recyclability
The DPP documents the estimated CO₂ emissions in production, transport and use as well as the recyclability of individual components – an important basis for ESG reports and environmental labels.
Repairability & service life
Information on repairable components, spare parts, DIY instructions, or available service offers. Goal: Extend the service life and avoid electronic waste.
Certificates, standards & legal evidence
CE marking, REACH or RoHS compliance, safety certificates, packaging marking (e.g. PPWR), battery certificates, sustainability seals such as GOTS or OEKO-TEX – all in a central, machine-readable format.
You can find more detailed information and structured examples in the white paper:
How is the Digital Product Passport provided?
The Digital Product Passport (DPP) is directly linked to the physical product using modern labeling technologies that enable fast and secure access. In practice, the DPP uses three common methods:
QR code
Visible, printed 2D code – scannable with any smartphone, without an app. Particularly suitable for simple or cost-sensitive products.
NFC chip (Near Field Communication)
Invisibly integrated into the label or product. Readable by touch with a smartphone – ideal for premium products that require counterfeit-proof, offline-capable, and high-quality communication.
RFID tag (Radio Frequency Identification)
Contactless transmission over several meters – perfect for logistics, industry, and automated traceability. Enables the reading of large product quantities in real time, e.g., in warehouses or at goods receipt.
A simple scan – whether visible or contactless – opens the Digital Product Passport immediately in the browser, without the need for an app.
This turns every product interaction into a digital touchpoint – for transparency, service and customer experience.
What is the difference between QR, NFC and RFID in the Digital Product Passport?
The Digital Product Passport (DPP) can utilize various technologies to link products. Depending on the application, product type, and desired level of security, different solutions are suitable:
QR code
The QR code is visible, cost-effective, and universally applicable. It's ideal for simple or low-cost products that don't require special counterfeit protection or offline functionality. A scan with the smartphone camera is sufficient to display the DPP.
NFC chip (Near Field Communication)
NFC tags can be integrated invisibly, are tamper-proof, and also work offline. They are particularly suitable for high-value products, luxury goods, or security-relevant applications. Touching them with a smartphone opens the DPP immediately – without any visible codes.
RFID tag (Radio Frequency Identification)
RFID operates contactlessly over long distances and is particularly suitable for logistics, industrial applications, or warehouse processes. Data can be read automatically and connected to ERP or tracking systems in real time.
You can find more about the technology comparison in our blog article:
NFC and Digital Product Passport – How a tiny chip creates trust
What advantages does the Digital Product Passport (DPP) bring for companies?
The DPP is far more than a regulatory measure—it is becoming a strategic building block for digitalization, the circular economy, and the customer experience. Companies benefit on several levels:
EU compliance without paperwork
The DPP digitally fulfills the regulatory requirements of the ESPR, PPWR, and other EU regulations. Instead of complex labels, brochures, or documentation, all mandatory information is centrally and automatically accessible – machine-readable and legally compliant.
Access to new customer groups & ESG requirements
Sustainability-conscious consumers and business partners demand transparency. The DPP provides reliable data for ESG reporting, carbon footprints, and voluntary ecolabels—a prerequisite for green procurement, subsidies, and impact investments.
Automated documentation & traceability
Whether serial numbers, product variants, or production batches: The DPP makes traceability scalable – down to the component level. This reduces liability risks, facilitates recalls, and builds trust among authorities and end customers.
Digital touchpoints & after-sales services
QR or NFC create new communication channels directly on the product – ideal for tutorials, extended warranties, exchanges, spare parts, or second-life offers. This transforms the DPP into a dialogue channel and an extended customer journey.
Future-proof reporting obligations
More and more regulations require product-related environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data. The DPP structures this information early on – protecting companies from surprises caused by subsequent reporting requirements or import barriers.
More information in the white paper “The Economics of Digital Product Passports – From Materials to Market”:
Is the Digital Product Passport (DPP) GDPR compliant?
Yes – the Digital Product Passport (DPP) is fully GDPR compliant.
It contains only product-specific information —i.e., data on materials, origin, certificates, or CO₂ footprint. Personal data such as customer names, addresses, or user behavior are not included in the DPP.
For companies, the DPP is a transparency-promoting system, not a tracking tool.
In addition, role-based access concepts ensure that sensitive data (e.g., on production batches or service intervals) can only be viewed by authorized stakeholders – for example, through different data levels for consumers, retailers, or authorities.
So the DPP remains:
accessible & user-friendly
machine readable & interoperable
simultaneously secure & data protection compliant
More on technical implementation and data protection structure in the white paper “DPP in Your Organization”
How quickly can a company start using the Digital Product Passport?
Faster than expected: A digital product passport can be implemented in just a few weeks – provided processes and data are properly prepared. Instead of months of IT projects, a modular approach enables a streamlined, iterative introduction , for example:
Start pilot with 1-2 products
Start with selected items—ideally bestsellers or ESG-relevant products. This allows you to gain initial insights without changing your entire product range.
DPP creation with existing data sources
Much DPP data is already available in PIM, ERP, PLM, or sustainability systems. Narravero leverages existing sources, supplements missing information, and creates fully functional, machine-readable passports – including touchpoint integration (QR, NFC, RFID).
Scaling via API & template system
Following a successful pilot, hundreds or thousands of products can be automatically tagged with a DPP. Data and passport content are continuously updated via an API-based architecture – compliant, efficient, and audit-proof.
Practical tips & complete checklist in the white paper “DPP in Your Organization”: